Chapter 1: Recognizing the Inequities

At the 89th Academy Awards in 2017, Katherine Johnson, a NASA mathematician, graced the stage alongside actors Janelle Monae, Taraji P. Henson, and Octavia Spencer. They starred in the film "Hidden Figures," which highlights the pivotal contributions of Black women to the Apollo program's success in landing astronauts on the Moon. After decades of being overlooked, Katherine Johnson is finally receiving the acknowledgment she has long deserved for her remarkable achievements. (Photo credit: Kevin Winter/Getty Images)

In predominantly white and male-dominated professions, fair treatment remains elusive for many. If you believe in equality, here are ways to help create a more balanced environment.

While life may seem unjust for many, the disparities faced by underrepresented individuals in fields such as computer programming, mathematics, and engineering are particularly glaring. These sectors are overwhelmingly dominated by white men, far exceeding what would be expected in an equitable landscape.

Such gender and racial imbalances cannot be dismissed as mere “inherent differences.” Instead, they stem from real, pervasive challenges that disproportionately impact women, people of color, and other underrepresented minorities. This includes not only harassment but a range of behaviors that perpetuate the harmful notion that they don’t belong.

Fortunately, more people are beginning to speak out against these injustices. Below are six steps you can take to help make a difference.

Chapter 2: The Essential First Step

Step 0: Cultivate Genuine Concern

While it may seem unconventional to introduce a "step 0," it’s crucial to emphasize that not everyone starts from the same position. Those who share similar superficial characteristics—such as race or gender—might be more readily accepted, while individuals from underrepresented groups often face skepticism about their place in the field.

People of color, women, LGBTQ+ individuals, and others frequently find their contributions overlooked, even when they lead projects. They face assumptions about their competence, while their white male peers are often viewed as the only credible contributors. The message of "you don’t belong here" is particularly strong for those facing multiple forms of underrepresentation.

Being aware of these dynamics is essential for anyone who wishes to be an ally.

Video: 3 Ways to Be a Better Ally in the Workplace | Melinda Epler - YouTube

This video offers practical strategies for fostering inclusivity and support for underrepresented groups in professional settings.

Chapter 3: Listening and Learning

Step 1: Listen to the Experiences of Others

The first genuine step towards allyship involves actively listening to the narratives of those who face inequities. Pay close attention to the diverse challenges articulated by individuals whose experiences differ from your own.

Many of the issues discussed may seem trivial when encountered occasionally, but when they occur repeatedly, they can accumulate into significant distress.

Step 2: Avoid Comparisons

While it’s natural to draw parallels to your own experiences of unfairness, it’s vital to recognize that these comparisons can undermine the struggles faced by underrepresented individuals. Acknowledge their experiences without invalidating them based on your own.

Instead of dismissing their narratives, offer support and understanding. Avoid phrases that begin with "well, actually..." which can trivialize their feelings.

Step 3: Understand the Impact of "Equal Treatment"

Treating everyone the same might unintentionally exacerbate existing inequalities. When I began college, I instinctively addressed all instructors as “Mr. or Ms.,” inadvertently disregarding the titles of women or professors of color, which communicated a lack of respect.

Recognizing and addressing these dynamics is essential for creating a more inclusive environment. Small behavioral shifts can significantly impact how underrepresented individuals are perceived and treated.

Video: Good Guys: How Men Can Be Better Allies for Women in the Workplace - YouTube

This video explores how men can actively participate in promoting gender equality and supporting their female colleagues in the workplace.

Chapter 4: Reflecting and Acting

Step 4: Evaluate Your Actions

When you learn about the challenges faced by underrepresented groups, consider how your actions contribute to or counteract these inequalities. Are you fostering an environment that welcomes and supports them?

For instance, after earning my Ph.D., I chose to encourage a more relaxed atmosphere by inviting students to call me by my first name, which helped bridge the gap between us.

Step 5: Speak Up Against Inappropriate Behavior

When witnessing unacceptable remarks or actions targeting women, people of color, or other underrepresented minorities, it's crucial to intervene. The burden of confronting discrimination often falls on those directly affected, and allies must take a stand.

Challenge harmful stereotypes and questions that perpetuate discrimination, and support your colleagues by amplifying their voices.

Chapter 5: Continuous Improvement

Step 6: Commit to Ongoing Allyship

Being an ally goes beyond minimal effort; it requires continuous action and advocacy. It’s essential to recognize the unique challenges faced by underrepresented individuals and work diligently to support their success.

Stand against inappropriate conduct, and ensure the conversation remains focused on those affected rather than yourself. Effective allyship is about doing what is right, even if it challenges your own interests.

Ultimately, the joy of scientific discovery should be accessible to everyone, and it is our responsibility to promote an inclusive environment where all voices are valued.

Starts With A Bang is now featured on Forbes and republished on Medium, thanks to our Patreon supporters. Ethan has authored two books, "Beyond The Galaxy," and "Treknology: The Science of Star Trek from Tricorders to Warp Drive."